Heating load characteristics and influencing factors of high-speed railway station buildings

Taking a typical railway station building in Xi’an as the research object, its load characteristics and operating parameters are extracted through on-site thermal environment measurement. A dynamic load calculation model is constructed using the DeST software, an orthogonal experiment of winter heating load is designed, and the significance levels of key influencing factors such as outdoor air volume indicators, indoor design temperature, infiltration air volume, and maximum number of people gathered are quantitatively analysed. The winter heating load characteristics of super-large high-speed railway station buildings are deeply explored from three dimensions: temperature stratification effect in large spaces, energy-saving potential of infiltration air, and building heat storage characteristics. The results show that when the floor radiant heating is adopted in the waiting hall, an obvious temperature gradient distribution appears in the personnel activity area. The infiltration air volume, indoor design temperature and outdoor air volume indicator have the most significant impact on the winter heating load of the super-large high-speed railway station building. When the temperature stratification effect is taken into account, the annual cumulative heating load indicator increases by 8.4% compared with that without considering the temperature stratification. Taking the infiltration air volume as part of the outdoor air volume to meet some indoor outdoor air demand can reduce the annual cumulative heating load indicator by about 17.4%. Adopting a preheating operation strategy can significantly improve the indoor thermal environment of the waiting hall, and reduce the peak heating load of the station building by 7.1%.